Association between serum levels of vitamin D and chronic periodontitis in premenopausal women in Yazd

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a common chronic inflammatory disease, considered as a primary cause of tooth loss due to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Various studies have shown that vitamin D has anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties and plays a significant role in musculoskeletal health. There is strong evidence that vitamin D deficiency may increase the likelihood of osteoporosis and osteopenia as well as chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. Materials &Methods: This case&ndash;control study included 30 females with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis (CP) and 30 periodontally healthy females. The mean age of&nbsp; the CP group&nbsp;&nbsp; and the&nbsp; control group was&nbsp; 34 years. &nbsp;Indices of Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding index (BI) as well as the serum level of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were measured in both groups. The statistical analyses including t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and odd ratio. Results: There was a significant indirect relationship between the serum level of vitamin D and the periodontal indices (p<0.05). The odd ratio (OR) measures showed that subjects with vitamin D dose of less than 10 ng/ml were 5.6 times&nbsp; more likely to have periodontitis compared to those with a normal dose of vitamin D ( p=0.03 ). Moreover, subjects with vitamin D dose of 10-29 ng/ml were about 1.46 times at a higher risk to develop periodontitis than those with sufficient dose of vitamin D (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended that serum levels of vitamin D in patients with chronic periodontitis be measured and then if necessary, treatment should begin.